أقسام الكلام Parts of speech

 

أقسام الكلام

Parts of speech

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كما في كل اللغات، تتألف اللغة الانجليزية من كلمات. و هذه الكلمات بدروها تنقسم الى 8 أقسام تدعى أقسام الكلام او Parts of speech.

اولا:الاسماء Nouns

Nouns are names of persons, places, objects and ideas 

الاسماء هي ما نسمي او ندعو به كل شيء حولنا من اشخاص او حيوانات او اشياء او افكار

persons: student, Walid, mother animals: cat, frog, horse places: library, street, Egypt things: desk, table, chair ideas: friendship, love, honesty

ثانيا: Pronouns

Pronouns are words that replace a noun. Like thenoun they replace, they can refer to a person, object, or idea

هي الضمائر و التي تحل عادة محل الاسماء في الجملة و ممكن ان تدل مثل الاسماء على اشخاص او اشياء او حيوانات الخ...

person: I, you, he, she, we, they thing/idea: this, that, these, those

ثالثا: Verbs

Verbs are words that express action. They alsoindicate when the action takes place through the tense used

الافعال و هي ما نقوم به من أعمال و الافعال لها صيغ و اشكال مختلفة

examples: bark, read, write, talk, play, decide

رابعا: Adjectives

Adjectives are words that describe a noun or a pronoun. An adjective could define the number, color, state, or kind of a noun or pronoun

الصفات هي الكلمات التي تصف الاسماء او الضمائر و هي تعبر عن اللون او العدد او الحالة او النوع الخ..

Number: five, ten , thirty Color: green, red, brown State: old, tidy, respectable Kind: Italian, comical

تأتي الصفات عادة في اللغة الانجليزية قبل الاسماءمثلا: red rose, hot tea, beautiful girl

و لكنها ممكن ان تأتي بعض الافعال مثل verb be مثلا: she is beautiful He is smart We are happy

او بعد الافعال التي تعبر عن الحالات او كيف تبدو الاشياء linking verbs

The food tastes good The perfume smells nice He looks sad

خامسا: Adverbs

Adverbs are words that describe a verb giving additional information about when, where, or how the action occurred

هي كلمات تصف الافعال و تعطي معلومات اضافية عن متى و اين و كيف حدث الفعل

When: yearly, often, yesterday, always, usually Where: away, down, outside, up How: loudly, correctly, fast, slowly

سادسا: Prepositions

Prepositions are words used with nouns or pronouns to connect them with other verbs in the sentence

احرف الجر هي كلمات تستعمل مع الاسماء او الضمائر و تربطهم مع باقي اجزاء الجملة

Examples: in, on, at, from, above, behind, through, across

ملاحظة هامة: بعض احرف الجر قد تأتي adverbs في بعض الجمل. حتى تعرف اذا كانت الكلمة حرف جر او adverb نظر الى الكلمة التي بعدها. اذا كانت الكلمة اسم او ضمير عندها تكون الكلمة حرف جر اما اذا كانت غير هذا ان ان الجملة انتهت عند الكلمة المحيرة عندها تكون adverb
we went around the field around نا هي حرف جر لأنه جاء بدها اسم the field

اما اذا كانت الجملة we went aroundفهنا around هي adverb لأنها في آخر الجملة

سابعا: Conjunctions

Conjunctions are words that connectwords, phrases or clauses. A conjunction may be a coordinating, subordinating ora correlative conjunction هي كلمات تقوم بربط الجمل او اجزا من الجمل ببعضها لتعطي معنى اوضح و افضل

Coordinating conjunction: and, or, but, for, so, yet, nor subordinating conjunction: when, where, after, eventhough, because, which, whose, however correlative conjunction, not only...but also, neither,,,nor, either....or

ثامنا: Interjunctions

An interjection is an unusual kind of word, because it often stands alone. Interjections are words which express emotion or surprise, and they are usually followed by exclamation marks.

هي عبارة عن كلمات تعبر فقط عن شعور قوي او مفاجأة و عادة يكون بعدها علامة تعجب !

Examples: Ouch!, Hello!, Hurray!, Oh no!, Ha!

تاسعا: Articles

An article is used to introduce a noun عادة تستعمل قبل الاسم

Examples: the, a, an

examples

The old lady was crossing the street
the = article old = adjective lady = noun was = helping verb crossing = main verb the = article street = noun

Ykies! I'm late for class
Yikes = interjunction I = pronoun m or am = verb late = adjective for = preposition class = noun

The clown chased a dog around the ring and then fell on her face
the = article clown = noun chased = verb a = article dog = noun around = preposition the = article ring = noun and = conjunction then = adverb fell = verb on = preposition her = pronoun face = noun

Label the parts of speech of the following sentences

activity

That suitcase is hers Everyone in the room cheered when the announcement was made Dust covered every surface in the bedroom
This old chair is comfortable, and I am sleepy
We have read several funny stories recently

Posted in: grammar